Utilization of Chrysanthemum morifolium residues from Capixaba agroindustry for the production of natural larvicides
Name: TAMIRES ALIPRANDI LIMA
Type: PhD thesis
Publication date: 01/03/2021
Advisor:
Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| RICARDO MACHADO KUSTER | Advisor * |
Examining board:
| Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| ÁLVARO CUNHA NETO | Internal Examiner * |
| NAOMI KATO SIMAS | External Examiner * |
| PAULO ROBERTO FILGUEIRAS | Co advisor * |
| RICARDO MACHADO KUSTER | Advisor * |
| SORAIA CRISTINA GONZAGA NEVES BRAGA | External Examiner * |
Pages
Summary: Chrysanthemum morifolium is a perennial species of the Asteraceae family. In Brazil its cultivation has as its main purpose to provide for the ornamental industry. In the agroindustrial process of the species, many residues are generated that do not present an adequate
destination. The objective of the work was to determine the chemical profile of the extracts obtained from the residues of Chrysanthemum morifolium collected in the commercial establishments of the metropolitan region of Vitória - Espírito Santo and to verify if they present
larvicidal activity for Aedes aegypti, allowing the formulation of a larvicidal product natural. To verify this hypothesis, 27 residues of Chrysanthemum morifolium were collected and extracted
with solvents of different polarities, resulting in 27 dichloromethane (FA) and 27 methanolic (FB) extracts. In determining the chemical profile of the extracts, the analytical techniques adopted were: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), application an unpublished
for this species; Mass Spectrometry by Cyclotronic Ion Resonance by Fourier Transform (FTICRMS), with two different types of ionization source - Electrospray Ionization (ESI) and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) in negative and positive modes
respectively; and Gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer (GC-MS). A mixture of the FA extracts and another of the FB extracts, at concentrations of 15 ppm were used for
the initial tests of the larvicidal assays. The FB extracts showed no activity, in contrast 100% of activity was observed for the mixture of the FA extracts. Subsequently, larvicidal tests were carried out on the 27 FA extracts - at 5 and 15 ppm. For the concentration of 15 ppm, high
larvicidal activity (mortality ≥ 80%) was observed in 14 samples, medium activity (80% <mortality ≤ 40%) in 4 samples and 9 samples performed low activity (mortality < 40%). Thetests at 5 ppm, a high larvicidal activity was observed in 8 FA extracts, data are unpublished
for this concentration in the species Chrysanthemum morifolium. The results were converted into matrices and used as input to perform the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCAs of the GC-MS, ESI (-) FT-ICR MS and FT-IR analyzes made it possible to infer the
classes of insecticidal substances, attributed to the structures of triterpenes, fatty acids and nalkanes present in the FA extracts. The PCA with the data of APCI (+) FT-ICR MS, was not
sufficient for the discrimination of the larvicidal activity as for the chemical composition of the extracts, the result was attributed to the complexity of the spectra. The results show that residues of Chrysanthemum morifolium generated chemically similar dichloromethane
extracts, and the class of triterpenes and fatty acids were the classes of substances that most contributed to the discrimination of the samples. The data suggest that triterpenes are the
plant's larvicidal molecules and that fatty acids act as synergistic agents.
